Capital of Lower Franconia, Bavaria, S central Germany, on the Main River. It is an industrial city, the centre of a wine-producing region, and a rail and river transportation hub.
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Wurzburg was originally a Celtic settlement and was made an Episcopal see by
St. Boniface in 741. After the break up of the duchy of Franconia, its bishops ruled a vast territory on both sides of the Main as princes of the
Holy Roman Empire. In 1168 the bishops assumed the title of dukes of
Eastern Franconia, of which they held a major part.
Later, the splendour-loving prince-bishops transformed the city into one of the finest residences of Europe and founded the
University of Wuerzburg, where the anthropologist and pathologist
Rudolf Virchow 1821â1902, German pathologist, a founder of cellular pathology and the physicist
Wilhelm Roentgen 1845â1923, taught in the 19th cent.
The city was severely damaged during World War II. Noteworthy landmarks include the baroque former Episcopal residence; the Romanesque cathedral containing works by the sculptor
Tilman Riemenschneider c.1460â1531, German Renaissance sculptor, who worked in stone and wood.
